from __future__ import annotations import os import random import warnings from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence from typing import Any from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError from .exceptions import ( InvalidHandshake, InvalidHeader, InvalidHeaderValue, InvalidMessage, InvalidStatus, InvalidUpgrade, NegotiationError, ) from .extensions import ClientExtensionFactory, Extension from .headers import ( build_authorization_basic, build_extension, build_host, build_subprotocol, parse_connection, parse_extension, parse_subprotocol, parse_upgrade, ) from .http11 import Request, Response from .imports import lazy_import from .protocol import CLIENT, CONNECTING, OPEN, Protocol, State from .typing import ( ConnectionOption, ExtensionHeader, LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol, UpgradeProtocol, ) from .uri import WebSocketURI from .utils import accept_key, generate_key __all__ = ["ClientProtocol"] class ClientProtocol(Protocol): """ Sans-I/O implementation of a WebSocket client connection. Args: uri: URI of the WebSocket server, parsed with :func:`~websockets.uri.parse_uri`. origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header. This is useful when connecting to a server that validates the ``Origin`` header to defend against Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks. extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they should be tried. subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing preference. state: Initial state of the WebSocket connection. max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes; :obj:`None` disables the limit. logger: Logger for this connection; defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``; see the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details. """ def __init__( self, uri: WebSocketURI, *, origin: Origin | None = None, extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None, subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None, state: State = CONNECTING, max_size: int | None = 2**20, logger: LoggerLike | None = None, ) -> None: super().__init__( side=CLIENT, state=state, max_size=max_size, logger=logger, ) self.uri = uri self.origin = origin self.available_extensions = extensions self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols self.key = generate_key() def connect(self) -> Request: """ Create a handshake request to open a connection. You must send the handshake request with :meth:`send_request`. You can modify it before sending it, for example to add HTTP headers. Returns: WebSocket handshake request event to send to the server. """ headers = Headers() headers["Host"] = build_host(self.uri.host, self.uri.port, self.uri.secure) if self.uri.user_info: headers["Authorization"] = build_authorization_basic(*self.uri.user_info) if self.origin is not None: headers["Origin"] = self.origin headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket" headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade" headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = self.key headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"] = "13" if self.available_extensions is not None: headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = build_extension( [ (extension_factory.name, extension_factory.get_request_params()) for extension_factory in self.available_extensions ] ) if self.available_subprotocols is not None: headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = build_subprotocol( self.available_subprotocols ) return Request(self.uri.resource_name, headers) def process_response(self, response: Response) -> None: """ Check a handshake response. Args: request: WebSocket handshake response received from the server. Raises: InvalidHandshake: If the handshake response is invalid. """ if response.status_code != 101: raise InvalidStatus(response) headers = response.headers connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum( [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], [] ) if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection): raise InvalidUpgrade( "Connection", ", ".join(connection) if connection else None ) upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum( [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], [] ) # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when # checking the Upgrade header. It's supposed to be 'WebSocket'. if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"): raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade) if upgrade else None) try: s_w_accept = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"] except KeyError: raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept") from None except MultipleValuesError: raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", "multiple values") from None if s_w_accept != accept_key(self.key): raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", s_w_accept) self.extensions = self.process_extensions(headers) self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(headers) def process_extensions(self, headers: Headers) -> list[Extension]: """ Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP response header. Check that each extension is supported, as well as its parameters. :rfc:`6455` leaves the rules up to the specification of each extension. To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension accepted by the server, we check for a match with each extension available in the client configuration. If no match is found, an exception is raised. If several variants of the same extension are accepted by the server, it may be configured several times, which won't make sense in general. Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose, the list of previously accepted extensions is provided. Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method. Args: headers: WebSocket handshake response headers. Returns: List of accepted extensions. Raises: InvalidHandshake: To abort the handshake. """ accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = [] extensions = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions") if extensions: if self.available_extensions is None: raise NegotiationError("no extensions supported") parsed_extensions: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum( [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in extensions], [] ) for name, response_params in parsed_extensions: for extension_factory in self.available_extensions: # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name. if extension_factory.name != name: continue # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params. try: extension = extension_factory.process_response_params( response_params, accepted_extensions ) except NegotiationError: continue # Add matching extension to the final list. accepted_extensions.append(extension) # Break out of the loop once we have a match. break # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list # matched what the server sent. Fail the connection. else: raise NegotiationError( f"Unsupported extension: " f"name = {name}, params = {response_params}" ) return accepted_extensions def process_subprotocol(self, headers: Headers) -> Subprotocol | None: """ Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP response header. If provided, check that it contains exactly one supported subprotocol. Args: headers: WebSocket handshake response headers. Returns: Subprotocol, if one was selected. """ subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None subprotocols = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol") if subprotocols: if self.available_subprotocols is None: raise NegotiationError("no subprotocols supported") parsed_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] = sum( [parse_subprotocol(header_value) for header_value in subprotocols], [] ) if len(parsed_subprotocols) > 1: raise InvalidHeader( "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", f"multiple values: {', '.join(parsed_subprotocols)}", ) subprotocol = parsed_subprotocols[0] if subprotocol not in self.available_subprotocols: raise NegotiationError(f"unsupported subprotocol: {subprotocol}") return subprotocol def send_request(self, request: Request) -> None: """ Send a handshake request to the server. Args: request: WebSocket handshake request event. """ if self.debug: self.logger.debug("> GET %s HTTP/1.1", request.path) for key, value in request.headers.raw_items(): self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value) self.writes.append(request.serialize()) def parse(self) -> Generator[None]: if self.state is CONNECTING: try: response = yield from Response.parse( self.reader.read_line, self.reader.read_exact, self.reader.read_to_eof, ) except Exception as exc: self.handshake_exc = InvalidMessage( "did not receive a valid HTTP response" ) self.handshake_exc.__cause__ = exc self.send_eof() self.parser = self.discard() next(self.parser) # start coroutine yield if self.debug: code, phrase = response.status_code, response.reason_phrase self.logger.debug("< HTTP/1.1 %d %s", code, phrase) for key, value in response.headers.raw_items(): self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value) if response.body: self.logger.debug("< [body] (%d bytes)", len(response.body)) try: self.process_response(response) except InvalidHandshake as exc: response._exception = exc self.events.append(response) self.handshake_exc = exc self.send_eof() self.parser = self.discard() next(self.parser) # start coroutine yield assert self.state is CONNECTING self.state = OPEN self.events.append(response) yield from super().parse() class ClientConnection(ClientProtocol): def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None: warnings.warn( # deprecated in 11.0 - 2023-04-02 "ClientConnection was renamed to ClientProtocol", DeprecationWarning, ) super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY", "5")) BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY", "3.1")) BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY", "90.0")) BACKOFF_FACTOR = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_FACTOR", "1.618")) def backoff( initial_delay: float = BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY, min_delay: float = BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY, max_delay: float = BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY, factor: float = BACKOFF_FACTOR, ) -> Generator[float]: """ Generate a series of backoff delays between reconnection attempts. Yields: How many seconds to wait before retrying to connect. """ # Add a random initial delay between 0 and 5 seconds. # See 7.2.3. Recovering from Abnormal Closure in RFC 6455. yield random.random() * initial_delay delay = min_delay while delay < max_delay: yield delay delay *= factor while True: yield max_delay lazy_import( globals(), deprecated_aliases={ # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09 "WebSocketClientProtocol": ".legacy.client", "connect": ".legacy.client", "unix_connect": ".legacy.client", }, )